Figure 4

Antibody patterning by self-aligned helium beam exposure of micro-retroreflector tetrad. (a) Optical microscope image of patterned polyclonal goat anti-mouse antibodies directly detected by biotinylated mouse HyHEL-5 antibodies, avidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugates and BCIP-NBT substrate. (b) SEM image of 40 nm gold particles conjugated with anti-NVLP antibodies held down by NVLP captured on patterned polyclonal anti-NVLP antibodies. (c) SEM images of biotinylated lysozyme captured on patterned HyHEL-5 antibodies detected using nucleation by silver staining of streptavidin-gold conjugates, and their corresponding retroreflector (RR) optical read-out, which is the ratio of the brightness of the assay reflector and the average of the three reference reflectors.